J. R. R. Tolkien: The Lost Road And Other Writings

THE ETYMOLOGIES

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A B D E G 3 I K L M N O P R S T U W Y

The sign + means 'poetic or archaic'.

An asterrisk prefixed to a form means that it is 'hypothetical', deduced to have existed from later, recorded forms.

A

AB-, ABAR-

refuse, deny, *ába¯ro refuser, one who does not go forth; Q Avar (or Avaro), pl. Avari = Elves who newer left Middle-earth or began the march; N Afor, pl. Efuir, Efyr (ON abóro). Cf. AWA.
[This entry as first written gave the root-meaning as 'go away, depart', translated *ába¯ro as 'departer, one who goes forth', and defined Avari as 'Elves who left Middle-earth' (see p. 344). An additional entry seems to allow for both developments from the root-meaning: 'AB- retreat, move back, refuse'.]
{Tedy abaro (doslova 'odmítac`') byla patrne` nadávka, kterou se navzájem c`astovali vychodní a západní elfové: jedni z`e odmítli zu`stat, druzí z`e odmítli odejít.}

AD-

entrance, gate, *adnó: Q ando gate; N annon, pl. ennyn great gate, Q andon (pl. andondi).

AIWË-

(smal) bird. Q aiwe, N aew. Cf. Aiwenor 'Birdland' = lower air.
[For Aiwenor(ë) see the Ambarkanta and diagrams, IV. 236 etc.]

AK-

narrow, confined. *akrá: Q arka narrow; N agr, agor. Cf. N Aglond, Aglon defile, pass between high walls, also as proper name; cf. lond, lonn path [LOD]. Q aksa narrow path, ravine.

AKLA-R-

See KAL. Q alka ray of light; alkar or alkare radianc brilliance; alkarinqa radiant, glorious. N aglar glory, aglareb glorious.

ÁLAK-

rushing. *ála¯ko¯ rush, rushing flight, wild wind: N alag rushing, impetuous; alagos storm of wind. Cf. Anc-olagon dragon-name [NAK]. Related to LAK².
*alk-wa¯ swan: Q alqa; T alpa; ON alpha; N alf; Ilk. alch; Dan. ealc. Cf. Alqalonde Swan-road or Swan-haven, city of the Teleri [LOD].

ÁLAM-

elm-tree. Q alalme, also lalme; N lalf (lelf) or lalven, pl lelvin; Ilk. lalm, pl. lelmin; Dan. alm. The stem is perhaps LÁLAM, q.v., but some hold it related to ALA since the elm was held blessed and beloved by the Eldar.
[The end of this entry, from 'but eome hold it', was an addition. Probably at the same time a stem AL- was added with derivatives alma 'good fortune', alya 'rich', etc.; but this entry was struck out. The same derivative words are found under GALA.]

ÁLAT-

large, great in size. Q alta [...] alat- as in Alataire = Belegoer [AY].

AM¹-

mother. Q amil or amme mother; Ilk. aman, pl. emuin. (N uses a different word, naneth, hypocoristic [pet-name form] nana [NAN]).

AM²-

up: usually in form amba-. Q prefix am- up; amba adv. up(wards); amban upward slope, hill-side; ambapenda, ampenda uphill (adj.); see PEN. N am up; am-bend, amben uphill; amon hill, pl. emuin, emyn; am-rûn uprising, sunrise, Orient = Q ambaron (g.sg. ambaronen) or Ambaróne.

ANA¹-

Cf. NA¹. to, towards. *anta- to present, give: Q anta- give; anna gift; ante (f.), anto (m.) giver. Cf. Yav-anna (YAB); Aryante [AR1]. N anno to give; ant gift. [Added:] Q anta face.

ANA²-

Cf. NA². be exist. [Added:] anwa real, actual, true.

ÁNAD-, ANDA-

*anda¯  long: Q anda; N and, ann. Cf. names Andram long-wall [RAMBA¯], Andfang, Anfang Longbeard, one of the tribes of Dwarves (pl. Enfeng) [SPÁNAG].

ÁNAK-

Cf. NAK bite. Q anca jaw; N anc; cf. Ancalagon [ÁLAK].

ANÁR-

sun; derivative of NAR¹. *ana¯r-: Q Anar sun; EN Anor.

ANGA¯-

iron. Q anga; N ang. Q angaina of iron; N angren, pl. engrin.

AWA

away, forth; out. Q ava outside; Avakúma [KUM]. Exterior Void beyond the World; au-, ava- privative prefixes = N ar {see AR²), as avanóte without number, numberless [NOT]. [Added:] Avalóna, cf. lóna [LONO].

B

BAD-

*bad- judge. Cf. MBAD. Not in Q. N bauð (ba¯d-) judgement; badhor, baðron judge. [Pencilled adition.]

D

D- ;

E

E- ;

G

G- ;

3

3- ;

I

I- ;

K

KUM-

void. Q kúma the Void; kumna empty; N cûn empty.

L

L- ;

M

MA3-

hand.

MAK-

sword, or as a verb-stem: fight (with sword), cleave. *makla: Q makil sword; N magl, magol. *makta¯: Q mahta- wield a weapon (blended with ma3-ta¯, see MA3), fight: hence mahtar warior = N maethor. N maeth battle, fight (not of general host but of two or a few), maetha to fight. Cf. Maglaðûr [cf. DO3?] or Maglaðhonn = Black-sword (as name). Q Makalaure = Gold-cleaver, name of fifth son of Feanor, N Maglor.
[In the original form of this entry the N forms of the noun 'sword' were megil, magol...]
{c`esky mec`, stsl. mec`I, stisl. moeker, stsas máki < *mékja-, stangl. méce < *mókja-}

MEL-

love (as friend). Q mel-; melin dear, melda beloved, dear; melme love; melisse (f.), melindo (m.) lover; melima loveable, fair, Melimar = Lindar. Irregular vocalism: *ma¯lo¯ friend, Q málo. N meleth love; mell dear; mellon friend; meldir friend, f. meldis; melethron, melethril lover. mil love, affection; milui friendly, loving, kind.
{Melkor, mír, Mitra}

N

N- ;

O

O- ;

P

P- ;

R

R- ;

S

S- ;

T

T- ;

U

U- ;

W

W- ;

Y

YUR-

run. ON yurine I run, yura course; N iór course.

The End